Aceite de palma y Codex Alimentarius / Palm Oil and Codex Alimentarius

El resultado alcanzado en este escenario ha sido muy importante, ya que en conjunto con los grandes productores de aceite de palma a nivel mundial, Malasia e Indonesia, se ha logrado hacer cara a las reservas presentadas (en especial) por la Unión Europea frente a la denominación del aceite. Este es un escalón adicional en el proceso normativo sobre este aceite, el cual ya cuenta con la norma local y regional (Comunidad Andina) y ha sido el fruto del trabajo conjunto de la Federación Nacional de Cultivadores de Palma de aceite (Fedepalma) y el Gobierno Nacional

The result achieved in this scenario has been very important, since in conjunction with the major palm oil producers worldwide, Malaysia and Indonesia, it has managed to face the reservations presented (especially) by the European Union against the denomination of the oil. This is an additional step in the normative process on this oil, which already has the local and regional norm (Andean Community) and has been the result of the joint work of the National Federation of Oil Palm Growers (Fedepalma) and the National government

Fatty Acid Content in Perilla Cultivars and Commercial Oils Determined by GC Analysis

The content analysis of fatty acids in Perilla cultivars and commercial oils is conducted through gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Results show that Perilla cultivars, such as Deulsaem and Daesil, contain high amounts of α-linolenic acid (262.22 and 261.97 mg/g, respectively). Among commercial oils, Perilla oil contains a higher amount of α-linolenic acid (515.20 mg/g). Accordingly, α-linolenic acid is a major fatty acid of Perilla cultivars and oil. Therefore, Perilla cultivars could be used as a food supplement for nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes.

Aplicação de óleos comerciais no controle ovicida de Aleurocanthus woglumi Asbhy / Application of commercial oils for ovicidal control of Aleurocanthus woglumi Asbhy

A mosca negra dos citros, Aleurocanthus woglumi Asbhy, causa danos diretos e indiretos à cultura do citros, sendo seu hospedeiro preferencial. Em busca de alternativas de controle para a mosca negra dos citros a pesquisa objetivou avaliar o efeito ovicida de diferentes óleos vegetais sobre A. woglumi. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no laboratório de Entomologia da UFPB- Areia em condições controladas de umidade, temperatura e luminosidade (B.O.D). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcela subdividida com fatorial 5x4 na parcela (cinco óleos vegetais e quatro doses). As subparcelas foram o tempo de avaliação após a aplicação dos óleos (primeiro, quinto, décimo e décimo quinto). Os tratamentos foram os seguintes óleos vegetais comerciais: eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus Labil.), alho (Allium sativum L.), gergelim (Sesamum indicum L.), mamona (Ricinus communis L.) e cravo (Dianthus caryophyllus L.), nas seguintes dosagens: 0 (testemunha ­ água destilada), 2, 4 e 6%. Na analise estatística os dados foram submetidos a regressão logística binomial, utilizando o procedimento LOGISTIC do software SAS 9.3 (2011). Houve efeito significativo para interação entre os dias de avaliação quanto à média de ninfas eclodidas para o primeiro, quinto, décimo e décimo quinto dia. Os óleos comerciais de eucalipto (E. globulus), alho (A. sativum), mamona (R. communis) são uma alternativa promissora no controle de A. woglumi.

The citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Asbhy, cause direct and indirect damage to the citrus crop, and its preferred host. In search of alternatives for the control of citrus blackfly research aimed to evaluate the ovicidal effect of different vegetable oils on A. woglumi. The work was developed in the laboratory of Entomology UFPBsand under controlled humidity, temperature and luminosity (BOD). We used a completely randomized in a 5x4 factorial split plot in the plot (five vegetable oils and four doses). The subplots time assessment after application of oils (first, fifth, tenth and fifteenth). The treatments were commercial vegetable oils: eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labil.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) and carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.), in following doses: 0 (control - distilled water), 2, 4 and 6%. In the statistical analysis the data were subjected to binomial logistic regression using the LOGISTIC procedure of SAS software 9.3 (2011). Was no significant interaction between evaluation days as the average of hatching eggs for the first, fifth, tenth and fifteenth day. The commercial oils of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus labile.), Garlic (Allium sativum L.), castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) are a promising alternative to control A. woglumi.

Efetividade de vernizes fotopolimerizáveis experimentais na adesão e formação de biofilme multiespécies e sua associação com a escovação na remoção e recolonização do biofilme em uma resina acrílica para base de prótese / Effectiveness of experimental coatings in adhesion and biofilm formation of multi-species biofilm and its association with brushing on biofilm removal and their recolonization in an denture base acrylic resin

Este estudo avaliou dois vernizes experimentais (M e P) em três diferentes concentrações (25, 30 e 35%) na prevenção da adesão e formação de biofilme multiespécies (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata e Streptococcus mutans) e sua associação com a escovação na remoção do biofilme e sua recolonização. Corpos-de-prova lisos e rugosos de uma resina acrílica foram confeccionados e divididos em grupos experimentais, de acordo com o verniz e concentração, além de grupos controle (sem verniz). Metade das amostras foi exposta em saliva (30 minutos). Posteriormente, realizou-se a adesão (90 minutos) ou a formação do biofilme multiespécies (48 horas). Para a avaliação da capacidade de remoção do biofilme aderido, corpos-de-prova contaminados foram escovados (30 segundos) e para a recolonização, além da escovação, as amostras foram incubadas por período adicional de 48 horas. Os micro-organismos remanescentes foram mensurados pelos ensaios de XTT e UFC. Para os testes de adesão e formação do biofilme, os grupos experimentais apresentaram, em geral, menor absorbância comparados com o controle, porém esta diferença não foi significante para a contagem de colônias, exceto para o S. mutans na formação do biofilme. A rugosidade, em geral, não promoveu alteração em qualquer dos testes realizados. A saliva não promoveu alterações na adesão dos micro-organismos, mas alterou a quantidade de biofilme formado. Houve remoção efetiva do biofilme com a escovação e com a recolonização. Conclui-se que os vernizes fotopolimerizáveis experimentais reduziram discretamente a adesão e formação do biofilme. Além disso, a escovação foi efetiva na remoção e recolonização do biofilme multiespécies

This study evaluated the ability of two experimental coatings (M and P) at 25, 30 and 35% concentrations to modify the surface characteristics of a denture base resin and prevent the adhesion and biofilm formation of multi-species, as well as the effectiveness of brushing on biofilm removal and their recolonization. Specimens with smooth and rough surfaces were prepared and divided into experimental groups, according to the coating and concentration, and controls group (without coating). A half of specimens were exposed to saliva (30 minutes). The microorganisms adhesion (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Streptococcus mutans) was performed for 90 minutes and the biofilm formation was performed for 48 hours. For effectiveness of toothbrushing in biofilm elimination test, contaminated specimens with biofilm were exposed to toothbrushing in a brushing machine (30 seconds) and for recolonization, after brushing, the specimens were incubated again for 48 hours. Microorganisms quantification was measured by XTT and UFC tests. The adhesion and biofilm development showed that the experimental groups were, in general, lower absorbance compared with the control, but this difference was not significant for colony counting, except for S. mutans in biofilm formation. The roughness, in general, did not cause any change in all tests performed. Saliva did not change the adhesion of microorganisms, but reduce the biofilm formation. There was effective biofilm removal with brushing and recolonization tests. It was concluded that the experimental photopolymerised coatings slightly reduced adhesion and biofilm formation. Furthermore, toothbrushing was effective in multi-species biofilm removal and their recolonization

Respiratory Effects of the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill on Children in Taean, Korea

PURPOSE: The oil spill from the Heibei Spirit in December 2007 contaminated the Yellow Coast of South Korea. We evaluated the respiratory effects of that spill on children who lived along the Yellow Coast. METHODS: Of 662 children living in the area exposed to the oil spill, 436 (65.9%) were enrolled as subjects. All subjects completed a modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. A health examination, including a skin prick test, pulmonary function test, and methacholine bronchial provocation test (MBPT), was administered. The children were assigned to two groups: those who lived close to the oil spill area and those who lived far from the oil spill area. RESULTS: The children who lived close to the oil spill area showed a significantly lower forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), an increased prevalence of 'asthma ever' (based on a questionnaire), and 'airway hyperresponsiveness' (based on the MBPT) than those who lived far from the oil spill area (FEV1; P=0.011, prevalence of 'asthma ever' based on a questionnaire; P=0.005, prevalence of 'airway hyperresponsiveness' based on the MBPT; P=0.001). The onset of wheezing after the oil spill was significantly higher in children who lived close to the oil spill area than in those who lived far from the oil spill area among the 'wheeze ever' group (P=0.002). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, male sex, family history of asthma, and residence near the oil spill area were significant risk factors for asthma (sex [male/female]: odds ratio [OR], 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-4.91; family history of asthma [No/Yes]: OR, 3.77; 95% CI, 1.83-7.75; exposure group [low/high]; OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.27-4.65). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that exposure to an oil spill is a risk factor for asthma in children.

Respiratory Effects of the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill on Children in Taean, Korea

PURPOSE: The oil spill from the Heibei Spirit in December 2007 contaminated the Yellow Coast of South Korea. We evaluated the respiratory effects of that spill on children who lived along the Yellow Coast. METHODS: Of 662 children living in the area exposed to the oil spill, 436 (65.9%) were enrolled as subjects. All subjects completed a modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. A health examination, including a skin prick test, pulmonary function test, and methacholine bronchial provocation test (MBPT), was administered. The children were assigned to two groups: those who lived close to the oil spill area and those who lived far from the oil spill area. RESULTS: The children who lived close to the oil spill area showed a significantly lower forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), an increased prevalence of 'asthma ever' (based on a questionnaire), and 'airway hyperresponsiveness' (based on the MBPT) than those who lived far from the oil spill area (FEV1; P=0.011, prevalence of 'asthma ever' based on a questionnaire; P=0.005, prevalence of 'airway hyperresponsiveness' based on the MBPT; P=0.001). The onset of wheezing after the oil spill was significantly higher in children who lived close to the oil spill area than in those who lived far from the oil spill area among the 'wheeze ever' group (P=0.002). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, male sex, family history of asthma, and residence near the oil spill area were significant risk factors for asthma (sex [male/female]: odds ratio [OR], 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-4.91; family history of asthma [No/Yes]: OR, 3.77; 95% CI, 1.83-7.75; exposure group [low/high]; OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.27-4.65). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that exposure to an oil spill is a risk factor for asthma in children.

[Comparison study between fatty acids of pomegranate seed oil laboratory extracted and commercial oils]

Seed oil content and fatty acid composition of 6 commercially important pomegranate cultivars and 2 local commercial pomegranate seed oils were determined. The oil content of pomegranate seeds of the 6 cultivars ranged between 13.32 and 18.1% [d.b]. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, arachidic, acid contents of the oils ranged between 1.5-5.9, 2.5-3.5, 6.2-9.15, 6.7-10.82, 0.47-0.58%, respectively. The predominant unsaturated fatty acid was punicic acid [68.3-73.5%], which is considered to enhance the oil quality and is of importance to health. However, the 2 commercial seed oils didn't contain the punicic acid. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic acid contents of the oils ranged between 9.81-11.87, 4.11-4.37, 22.54-22.83, 54.95-56.52, 4.76-5.34%, respectively. Therefore, the commercial pomegranate seed oils do not have the same benefit to health as the cultivar seed oils do

Avaliação do desempenho da mistura verniz/xilol na diafanização de lâminas de citopatologia coradas com a técnica de Papanicolaou / Valuation of performance of solution varnish/xylene in the diaphanization of citopatology slides stained with Papanicolaou's technique

Introdução: O xilol é necessário para a diafanização de amostras citopatológicas. Pode trazer problemas de ordem ocupacional, proteção ao meio ambiente e de custos. Objetivo:Avaliar o desempenho de várias concentrações da mistura verniz/xilol em relação à diafanização e conservação em amostras de citologia coradas com a técnica dePapanicolaou (CP). Material e métodos: Foram avaliadas 75 lâminas de raspado bucal (RB) e 8.773 esfregaços cérvico-vaginais (CV). As lâminas foram coradas pela CP, com a retirada das etapas de álcool/xilol e xilol e foram secas à temperatura ambiente porvinte minutos antes da montagem com lamínula. A montagem foi realizada com soluções de verniz/xilol de concentrações 75/25%, 70/30%, 60/40%, 50/50% e 40/60%. As lâminas foram distribuídas de forma aleatória aos profissionais para avaliação da técnica, sendo conceituadas como boas, regulares ou ruins e reavaliadas após nove meses dearquivamento. A concentração de verniz/xilol que apresentou melhor qualidade final nas lâminas de RB foi aplicada também nos CV. Resultados: A concentração de 75/25% deverniz/xilol apresentou melhor desempenho para as duas situações, em RB e CV. Após nove meses, a qualidade foi mantida. Conclusão: A concentração de 75/25% apresentou melhor resultado.

Elaioconiose: relato de caso / Elaioconiosis: case report

Elaioconiose é uma dermatose ocupacional do tipo acneiforme que afeta as áreas expostas de trabalhadores que lidam com óleos ou graxas. Atualmente, com o uso dos equipamentos de proteção individual, medidas de higiene pessoal e lavagem dos uniformes de trabalho, sua incidência diminuiu. Apesar de não ser uma doença rara, é pouco relatada na literatura, principalmente na nacional. Seu tratamento é lento e para a resolução das lesões, requer o afastamento do trabalhador de suas atividades laborativas.

Elaioconiosis is a work-related acneiform dermatosis which affects the exposed skin of individuals working with oils or greases. Its incidence has decreased with the introduction of personal protective equipment, personal hygiene measures and the cleaning of work clothes. Although not a rare disease, elaioconiosis is seldom reported in the literature, particularly in Brazil. Sufferers need to take time off work to proceed with the prolonged treatment to resolve the lesions caused by this condition.

Evaluation of noise propagation characteristics of compressors in Tehran oil refinery center and presenting control methods

The adverse effects of noise are well known and noise problems due to industrialization of communities are increasing over the time. Oil industries due to the process and nature of production; contain many noise sources such as compressors, turbines, and pumps, which cause excessive noise exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the noise characteristics of compressors in Tehran Oil Refinery and study on visible control measures. To get to the appropriate control method, procedures such as basic theories, measuring sound parameters, frequency analysis, related diagrams and noise propagation schemes due to the measurement results, equivalent noise exposure level [L[eq[8h]]] and exposure noise dose and technical specification of compressors are considered in this paper. Considering field and analytical results, module enclosure with particular specifications [like absorbent layer, specific wall, window and door design etc.] is predicted to be the best control method. Calculation results of multiple layer density of the enclosure [W=16.5 kg/m[2]] and needed density for the dominant frequency of the source [W=12 kg/m[2]] demonstrated that the designed enclosure satisfies the goal. Results of designing sandwich layers' module demonstrated that installing the designed enclosure causes 20 dB[A] reduction in total sound pressure level of the source's dominant frequency

Folliculitis after Tanning Oil Application / 대한피부과학회지

Folliculitis is an inflammatory disease that has various causes. It has been widely reported to be caused by exposure to industrial oil such as cutting oil and diesel oil. A 39-year-old man presented with multiple diffuse erythematous papules with a follicular distribution on the anterior chest, back and shoulder. The histopathologic findings of the papules showed follicular epithelial destruction and a perifollicular inflammatory cellular infiltration. He was diagnosed as having folliculitis. The distribution of lesions matched with the area of tanning oil application was identical to that of the patient's applying tanning oil before the development of skin lesions. We report here on a case of folliculitis due to applying tanning oil. Tanning oil caused the follicular occlusion and dilatation in hairless mice in one experiment.

La fritura de los alimentos: el aceite de fritura: [revisión] / Deep frying: [review]

Durante el proceso de fritura todos los aceites, sin importar la fuente, presentan cambios en el contenido de nutrientes que pueden generar compuestos tóxicos que pasan al alimento. Las transformaciones se presentan de manera lenta o rápida, según el manejo durante el proceso de cocción, de las cuales las más críticas son: la temperatura; el tipo de alimento a freír, la relación aceite/alimento, el material de fabricación del equipo utilizado, la adición de aceite nuevo como reposición del que se pierde por el proceso; la limpieza y el almacenamiento del aceite. Este artículo de revisión proporciona un marco de las investigaciones que evalúan el uso de los aceite de fritura como medio de cocción, las prácticas de manejo y los efectos del proceso sobre la composición de los ácidos grasos, tocoferoles, carotenoides y polifenoles, los indicadores de calidad y las formas rápidas para determinarlos, mejorando la evidencia con relación a la calidad de los aceites de fritura.

The oil changes during deep-frying independent of kind. The change can be reduction of nutrients or formation of toxic component that through to food and then can be consumption. The transformation can be slow or fast depend of care during cooking, of parameter like as the control of temperature, kind of food, relation oil: food, equipment, addition of new oil as reposition, clean of oil and storage, something else. To know that the polar components and the monomer and polymers of cyclic acid fatty are the parameters internationals of quality and how can be identificated easy and quietly, it’s important because when an oil for deep-frying is no good it won’t be used and this way prevent risk for health of people like fried food.

Improring the performance of Pars oil refinery wastewater treatment system

This study aims to inspect the performance of the wastewater treatment system of the Pars Oil refinery. Quantity and quality of wastewater are determined through samplings and measurements. The performance of system is evaluated considering total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, phosphate, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, furfural, oil and pH. For precise comparing the qualitative and quantitative parameters, the wastewater entering the refinery is sampled four times from different places like boilers and from their channels, oil wastewater channels, and solvent wastewater channels. Despite some reforms that has been applied to the treatment system in order to reach the environmental standards, the system cannot treat the wastewater to the discharge standards. From the results of this research the advanced Membrane Bioreactor system for complementary refining along with optimized oil elimination system from wastewater is suggested

Presenting Visual Acuities in a Referral Eye Center in an Oil-Producing Area of Nigeria

Objectives: To determine the pattern of presenting visual acuities at an eye center in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Study Design: Retrospective chart review Methods: A retrospective review of patient records attending a private referral eye center providing services for company patients and the general public in the region. Information was obtained from computerized medical records of 6533 patients who attended the center for various eye concerns in a 5-year period (January 1998 to December 2002). Results: A total of 6533 patients were seen in this 5-year period of which 2472 (37.8) were company patients and 4061 (62.2). were private patients. There were 3879 males (59.4) and 2654 females (40.6). A visual acuity of 6/6 or better was seen in 50.8of the patients. In 76.6of patients; a visual acuity of 6/18 or better was recorded. There were 21.4of patients in the low vision group. Bilateral blindness occurred in 2.1of patients. Monocular blindness occurred in 3.7of patients. Low vision occurred in 16.9of company patients and 24.1of private patients. Bilateral blindness occurred in 0.9of company patients and 2.7of private patients; while monocular blindness occurred in 1.2of company patients and 5.2of private patients. The main ocular problems were refractive error; glaucoma; conjunctivitis; headaches; ocular trauma; retina and related pathologies; cataract; uveitis; pterygium and corneal problems. Conclusion: The incidence of low vision and blindness is high in the oil-producing area of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Low vision and blindness were more common in private patients than in company patients

Utilization of agroindustrial residues for lipase production by solid-state fermentation / Utilização de resíduos agroindustriais para produção de lipase por fermentação em estado sólido

The aim of this work was to produce lipases by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using, as substrate, agroindustrial residue supplemented with by-products from corn oil refining process or olive oil. For a group of ten fungi strains selected in the first steps, the lipase activity obtained by SSF varied from 7.7 to 58.6 U/g of dry substrate (gds). Among the evaluated strains, the Aspergillus niger mutant 11T53A14 was selected by presenting the best enzymatic production. For the fermentation tests, two substrates were also investigated: wheat bran and corn cob, both supplemented with olive oil. The best results were obtained with wheat bran. Additionally, three industrial by-products from corn oil refining (soapstock, stearin and fatty acids) were evaluated as substitutes to the olive oil in the function of lipases production inducer. Among them, soapstock and stearin were the best inducers, whereas fatty acids presented an inhibitor effect. The highest lipase activities using soapstock, stearin and fatty acids were 62.7 U/gds, 37.7 U/gds and 4.1 U/gds, respectively.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir lipases por fermentação em estado sólido (FES) utilizando, como substrato, resíduo agroindustrial enriquecido com subprodutos do processo de refino do óleo de milho ou óleo de oliva. Para um conjunto de dez linhagens de fungos selecionadas nas primeiras etapas, a atividade lipásica obtida por FES variou de 7,7 a 58,6 U/g de substrato seco (gss). Dentre as linhagens avaliadas, o mutante Aspergillusniger 11T53A14 foi selecionado por apresentar a melhor produção enzimática.Para os testes de fermentação, dois substratos foram investigados: farelo de trigo e sabugo de milho, ambos enriquecidos com óleo de oliva. Nestes testes, os melhores resultados foram obtidos com farelo de trigo. Adicionalmente, três subprodutos industriais do refino do óleo de milho (borra, estearina e ácidos graxos) foram avaliados como substitutos do óleo de oliva na função de indutor para a produção de lipases. Dentre eles, borra e estearina demonstraram ser melhores indutores, enquanto ácidos graxos apresentaram um efeito inibidor. As mais altas atividades lipásicas utilizando borra, estearina e ácidos graxos foram 62,7 U/gss, 37,7 U/gss e 4,1 U/gss, respectivamente.

Culture conditions stimulating high gama-Linolenic acid accumulation by Spirulina platensis / Condições de cultura simulando o levado acúmulo de ácido gama-linolênico por Spirulina platensis

Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) production by Spirulina platensis under different stress-inducing conditions was studied. Submerged culture studies showed that low temperature (25ºC), strong light intensity (6 klux) and primrose oil supplement (0.8 percentw/v) induced 13.2 mg/g, 14.6 mg/g and 13.5 mg linolenic acid per gram dry cell weight respectively. A careful observation of fatty acid profile of the cyanobacteria shows that, oleic acid and linoleic acid, in experiments with varying growth temperature and oil supplements respectively, helped in accumulating excess γ-linolenic acid. In addition, cultures grown at increasing light regimes maintained the γ-linolenic acid to the total fatty acid ratio(GLA/TFA) constant, despite any change in γ-linolenic acid content of the cyanobacteria.

Estudou-se a produção de ácido γ-linolênico por Spirulina platensis em diferentes condições de estresse. Culturas submersas indicaram que temperatura baixa (25ºC), forte intensidade de luz (6 klux) e suplementação com óleo de prímula (0,8 por cento p/v) induziram a produção de ácido linolênico de 13,2 mg/g, 14,6 mg/g e 13,5 mg/g peso seco, respectivamente. Uma observação cuidadosa do perfil de ácidos graxos da cianobacteria indica que os ácidos oléico e linoléico, em experimentos com diferentes temperaturas de crescimento e suplementos de óleo, auxiliaram no acúmulo de excesso de ácido γ-linolênico. Além disso, as culturas obtidas em intensidades crescentes de luz mantiveram a relação ácido γ-linolênico/ácidos graxos totais constante, independentemente de qualquer mudança no conteúdo de ácido γ-linolênico da cianobactéria.

Study of factors related to accidents occuring during the construction phase of oil, gas and petrochemical projects

Construction phase in industries is a dynamic process that is naturally and intrinsically dangerous and as it becomes more complicated, the accidents rate also increases. One should note that without considering a model, one could not obtain useful and reliable information and method to prevent accidents. Therefore, to achieve useful methods for preventing accidents, it is desirable to consider a model. The general goal of this study was presentation of a model. A model is the reflection of a fact. In other words, it should be said that the model represents a system or process whose behavior can be predicted. Models are therefore used for understanding the behavior of actual terminals and show a theory in the way that covers important variables for describing phenomena and instead, ignore factors of low importance in the expression of those phenomena. This study was a research article conducted in 2004-2005 in the Assaluyeh region. Data was gathered from accident reports present in security and health records of the projects and also statistics present at the treatment centers. In this study, an analytical model [multi-regression] was presented to describe the impact of effective and deep factors on the possibility of an increase in accidents leading to death, through measurement of the effects of independent variables on the dependent variables. For this purpose, the structure of 50 accidents that led to death were studied along with another 2700 accidents, and after studying the accident reports and related documents, observing operations and equipment, counseling with accident observers and an expert team of managers, supervisors and engineers, and simulation of some accidents, unsafe conditions and functions, mismanagement and use of worn out and defective tools, equipment, devices and machinery were considered as the four independent variables and the job accidents leading to death were considered as dependent variables. The relationship between independent and dependent variables, evaluation of regression coefficients and the test of different models were based on multi-regression analytical model and analyzed using Eviews software program. The final findings of this study, while specifying the possibility of occurrence of accidents leading to death with the existence of any of the independent variables showed that among the independent variables, unsafe conditions and mismanagement have relatively more important roles to play in the occurrence of accidents leading to death such that in conclusion, these factors have been defined as root causes in the model. Since the adjusted coefficient determined for the model in this research was 0.99; that is, the specified model could describe 99 percent of changes related to the number of job accidents leading to death and it is only for one percent of other accidents that there was no justified answer. In another words, those causes were not seen in the model. Therefore, it could be concluded that this research as compared to similar researches gained more useful results. Thus, by omitting or lowering unsafe conditions and mismanagement factors, accidents resulting in deaths can be reduced

Self inflicted, bilateral oleogranuloma of the breast: report of a bizarre case.

A 30-year-old male was admitted with bilateral painful breast enlargement of 6 months duration. There was a past history of surgery for similar bilateral swellings, which was then diagnosed as fibrocystic disease. On examination both breasts were firm to hard, tender & adherent to deeper structures. A single axillary lymph node was palpable on each side. The clinical diagnosis was sarcoma of the breast. After initial denial, the patient confessed to having injected gear oil into both the breasts,for the purpose of augmentation. He was a homosexual.

effect of industrial waste of oil companies on the distribution of organic pollutants in Ismailia Canal Water

Survey for Ismailia Canal fresh water indicated normal conditions for physico-chemical parameters. Total dissolved solids and all cations and anions were within the acceptable limits. The concentration of n-alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs] and chlorinated hydrocarbons were detected in three sites. Site 1 [intake of Mostorod drinking water treatment plant], Site 2 [after oil companies], and site 3 in the middle of the canal. Site 2 had the highest concentrations of the studied hydrocarbons due to drainage of the oil from oil companies and discharge of the industrial waste from other companies into the canal water. The concentrations of organic compounds were decreased after that due to dilution. The concentration of chlorinated hydrocarbons was too much lower than that of n-alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and PAHs

Gamma radiation process for destruction of toxic polychlorinated biphenyls (Pcbs) in transformer oils.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic organic chemicals commercially used worldwide in many applications. PCBs were used in oils because of their excellent properties such as good thermal stability, flame resistance, dielectric constant, high break down voltage, high boiling point and low volatility. However, because of their adverse affects on environment and human health, the use of PCBs has been banned now. PCBs are today considered among the widespread pollutants in the global system. PCBs sources still exist in various industrial products and in waste streams such as capacitor oils, lubricating oils, transformer oils, hydraulic oils, paints, rubbers, cables, etc. Several such materials containing PCBs emanating from various sources need to be detoxified before their reuse or before going to landfill for final disposal. Various remedial technologies have been developed in the world to destroy toxic PCBs. The radiolysis has been investigated as an environment-friendly process for waste oil treatment contaminated with PCBs, which may be a better alternative to the globally most widely accepted incineration method. A study was undertaken to detoxify PCBs in transformer oil by gamma radiation using Cobalt 60 source. Analysis of PCBs in transformer oils before and after radiation was carried out by GC-MS instrument. The effect of radiation dose and destruction of PCBs in transformer oils are discussed in details in the present paper. The method used was found to be highly effective and destruction was as high as 79 %. Further, the transformer oil samples were also evaluated before and after radiation to check their quality. The properties of oils were not significantly altered by gamma radiation treatment as evident from the results given in the paper.